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on Dutch about Dementie risico op hoge leeftijd gekoppeld aan buik omvang in Midlife Wat wij weten van Tramadol.

on French about Risque de démence dans la vieillesse liée à la taille du ventre en milieu de la vie Ce que nous savons de Tramadol.

on German about Demenz-Risiko im Alter Verbunden mit Bauch-Größe in Midlife Was wissen wir über Tramadol.

on Greek about Άνοια στην τρίτη ηλικία των κινδύνων που συνδέονται με το μέγεθος της κοιλιάς σε Midlife Τι γνωρίζουμε για Tramadol.

on Italian about Rischio di demenza in età avanzata collegato a pancia in dimensioni Midlife Quello che sappiamo sul Tramadol.

on Japanese about 認知症の高齢者の危険性をリンクして中年の腹の大きさ 私たち知ってトラマドールです。

on Portuguese about Demência risco na velhice ligada ao tamanho na barriga Midlife O que sabemos sobre tramadol.

on Spanish about Riesgo de demencia en la vejez vinculados a vientre tamaño en la madurez ¿Qué sabemos acerca de tramadol.

on English about Dementia Risk In Old Age Linked To Belly Size In Midlife What we know about Tramadol.



Dementia Risk In Old Age Linked To Belly Size In Midlife What we know about Tramadol. FDA approved Tramadol Beware of Online Cancer Fraud. FDA and the Federal Trade Commission have launched a program targeting online health fraud that takes advantage of people with cancer. Protect yourself with this advice. Looking for beauty. That's here.
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Dementia Risk In Old Age Linked To Belly Size In Midlife

Dementia Risk In Old Age Linked To Belly Size In Midlife

Dementia Risk In Old Age Linked To Belly Size In Midlife What we know about Tramadol. FDA approved Tramadol Beware of Online Cancer Fraud. FDA and the Federal Trade Commission have launched a program targeting online health fraud that takes advantage of people with cancer. Protect yourself with this advice. Looking for beauty. That's here.

A new study by researchers from the US and Sweden showed that having a large belly in midlife increased the risk of having dementia in old age, with overweight and obese people with large bellies having double or triple risk. In other words, while being overweight and obese was a risk factor, study showed this was significantly affected by where weight was carried in midlife.

The study is published in the online issue of journal Neurology , and was conducted by Dr Rachel Whitmer, who is a research scientist at Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in Oakland, California, and colleagues.

Previous research has linked waist circumference or central obesity and body mass index ( BMI ) in elderly people to risk of developing dementia, and it has also shown that having a large abdomen in midlife is linked to higher risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

But this is the first study to show a link between belly fat in midlife and risk of developing dementia decades later.

Whitmer and colleagues studied 6, 583 health plan members of Kaiser Permanente living in Northern California who had had their sagittal abdominal diameter ( SAD ) measured between 1964 and 1973 when they were aged between 40 and 45.

SAD, which is a measure of belly density, is taken using a caliper that measures distance from back to upper abdomen, when positioned midway between top of pelvis and bottom of ribcage.

The researchers explained that the size of belly at this point is an indicator of amount of fat tissue that's wrapped around organs in abdomen.

By examing medical records between 1994 and 2006, the researchers established that 16 per cent ( 1, 049 ) of participants had dementia an average of 36 years later.

Using statistical techniques and adjusting for age, sex, race, education, blood pressure, stroke, and other medical and demographic variables, they examined links between midlife SAD and dementia incidence.

The results showed that:

  • Participants who were overweight and had a large belly in midlife were 2. 3 times more likely to develop dementia some 30 years later than those who were of normal weight and belly size.
  • Participants who were obese and also had a large belly in midlife were 3. 6 times more likely to develop dementia later in life compared with those of normal weight and belly size.
  • Participants who were overweight or obese but did not have a large belly in midlife, had an 80 per cent increased risk of dementia.
  • Having a high SAD measure, ie larger than normal abdomen, in midlife appeared to increase the risk of dementia regardless of whether person had normal overall weight, was overweight or obese, and regardless of existing health conditions, including diabetes, stroke and cardiovascular disease.
  • Being non-white, having high blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes, and less than a high school level of education was closely linked to higher abdominal obesity.
The study concluded that:

" Central obesity in midlife increases risk of dementia independent of diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities. Fifty percent of adults have central obesity; therefore, mechanisms linking central obesity to dementia need to be unveiled. '

Whitmer suggested that measuring midlife belly size may be a better indicator of long term disruption of metabolism that leads to dementia than using abdominal size in older people because as people age they lose muscle and bone mass and their belly becomes proportionally larger.

She said this was a disturbing finding, considering that 50 per cent of adult Americans have abdominal obesity.

" It is well known that being overweight in midlife and beyond increases risk factors for disease, " said Whitmer.

" However, where one carries the weight, especially in midlife, appears to be an important predictor for dementia risk, " she added.

Changes in the brain that lead to Alzheimer's can start in young to middle adulthood, as autopsies have revealed, explained Whitmer. Research has also shown that high abdominal fat in older people is linked to higher rate of brain atrophy. However, Whitmer said that:

" These findings imply that dangerous effects of abdominal obesity on brain may start long before signs of dementia appear. "

However, researchers also cautioned that, as with all observational studies, we can't say these results show that belly size drives dementia risk, more likely explanation is that it's one of a complex set of inter-related health factors and behaviours.

The researchers called for further studies to investigate underlying mechanisms that link belly size in midlife to risk of developing dementia later.

Dementia isn't a specific disease, it is an umbrella term for a group of symptoms caused by a range of brain disorders that prevents people getting on with everyday life such as eating and getting dressed or going shopping. It impairs memory, language, ability to solve problems, and control emotions, and can change a person's personality or make them anxious or see things that are not there.

Alzheimer's disease and stroke are two examples of diseases that can cause dementia. Drugs can slow or improve some of symptoms but there's no cure.

'Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later. ' Whitmer, R. A. , Gustafson, D. R. , Barrett-Connor, E. , Haan, M. N. , Gunderson, E. P. , Yaffe, K. Neurology , Published online before print March 26, 2008. DOI: 10. 1212/01. wnl. 0000306313. 89165. ef

Click here for Abstract.

Sources: journal abstract, PR Newswire press release, Medline Plus

Written by: Catharine Paddock, PhD Copyright: Medical News Today Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today


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What we know about Tramadol.

uses of Tramadol Tramadol is used to relieve ongoing, moderate pain in people who need all-day pain relief ( " around the clock " dosing ) . It's similar to narcotic pain medications. It works on certain nerves in brain that control how you experience pain.

how to use of Tramadol Take Tramadol by mouth, either always with food or always without food, usually once daily or as directed by your doctor. If nausea occurs, consult your doctor or pharmacist about ways to decrease it ( e. g. , antihistamines, lying down for 1 to 2 hours with as little head movement as possible ) .

Swallow Tramadol whole. Don't crush, chew, or split tablet. Doing so would release Tramadol into your bloodstream all at once, possibly causing serious ( sometimes fatal ) side effects.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. To reduce risk of side effects, your doctor may tell we to gradually increase your dose when starting long-acting Tramadol. The maximum recommended dose is 300 milligrams a day.

If we have severe kidney disease ( e. g. , on dialysis ) or severe liver disease ( e. g. , cirrhosis ) , regular-release Tramadol is recommended instead of long-acting form.

Pain medications work best if they're used as the first signs of pain occur. If we wait until the pain has worsened, medication mayn't work as well.

Follow your doctor's or pharmacist's instructions for safe use of non-narcotic pain relievers ( e. g. , acetaminophen, ibuprofen ) . Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details regarding your treatment.

Tramadol may cause dependence, especially if it has been used regularly for an extended time or if it has been used in high doses. In such cases, withdrawal reactions ( e. g. , anxiety, sweating, sleeplessness, shaking, diarrhea, rapid breathing ) may occur while use Tramadol if you suddenly stop Tramadol. Also, if we are taking regular doses of narcotic medications for ongoing pain ( e. g. , cancer pain ) , starting Tramadol may cause a withdrawal reaction. To prevent withdrawal reactions when stopping extended, regular treatment with Tramadol, gradually reduce dosage as directed. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details, and report any withdrawal reactions immediately.

Rarely, abnormal drug-seeking behavior ( addiction ) is possible with Tramadol. Don't increase your dose, take it more frequently, or use it for a longer time than prescribed. Properly stop the medication when so directed.

When used for an extended period, Tramadol may not work as well and may require different dosing. Talk with your doctor if Tramadol stops working well.

Tell your doctor if your pain doesn't decrease or if it worsens.

side effects of Tramadol Nausea, vomiting, constipation, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, or weakness may occur while use Tramadol. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

To prevent constipation, maintain a diet adequate in fiber, drink plenty of water, and exercise. If you're taking Tramadol regularly, it may be useful to start using a laxative right away instead of waiting until we become constipated. Consult your pharmacist for details regarding correct use of laxatives ( e. g. , stimulant-type with stool softener ) .

Remember that your doctor has prescribed Tramadol because he or she has judged that benefit to we is greater than risk of side effects. Many people using Tramadol don't have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur:

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur:

A very serious allergic reaction to Tramadol ( which may occur while use Tramadol as early as first dose ) is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if we notice any of the following symptoms:

This isn't a complete list of possible side effects. If we notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

precautions of Tramadol Before taking long-acting Tramadol, tell your doctor or pharmacist if we are allergic to it; or to other narcotics ( e. g. , codeine ) ; or if we have any other allergies.

Tramadol shouldn't be used if we have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if we have:

Before using Tramadol, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of:

Tramadol may make we dizzy or drowsy. Use caution while driving, using machinery, or doing any activity that requires alertness. Avoid alcoholic beverages because they may increase risk of Tramadol's side effects.

To reduce dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that we are using Tramadol.

Caution is advised when using Tramadol in elderly because they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially slow/shallow breathing and drowsiness.

During pregnancy, Tramadol should be used only when clearly needed. It's not recommended for use for long periods or in high doses late in pregnancy because of possible serious harm to your baby. Discuss risks and benefits with your doctor. Infants born to mothers who have been using Tramadol for an extended time may have seizures or withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, abnormal/persistent crying, or diarrhea. Tell your doctor immediately if we notice any of these symptoms in your newborn.

Tramadol passes into breast milk. While there have been no reports of harm to nursing infants, consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

interactions of Tramadol Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring we for them. Do not start, stop, or change dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.

Tramadol shouldn't be used with following medications because very serious ( possibly fatal ) interactions may occur while use Tramadol:

Avoid taking MAO inhibitors within 2 weeks before, during, and after treatment with Tramadol.

If we are currently using any of these medications listed above, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting Tramadol.

Before using Tramadol, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of:

Also report use of drugs that might increase seizure risk when combined with Tramadol such as isoniazid ( INH ) , phenothiazines ( e. g. , thioridazine, chlorpromazine, promethazine ) , theophylline, or tricyclic antidepressants ( e. g. , amitriptyline ) , among others. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for details.

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if we also take drugs that cause drowsiness such as certain antihistamines ( e. g. , diphenhydramine ) , anti-anxiety drugs ( e. g. , diazepam ) , anti-seizure drugs ( e. g. , phenytoin ) , medicine for sleep ( e. g. , zolpidem ) , muscle relaxants ( e. g. , cyclobenzaprine ) .

Check labels on all your medicines ( e. g. , cough-and-cold products ) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.

This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using Tramadol, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all products we use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

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